A socket fits over the fastener and grips the points and/or flats. It is rotated (driven) using either a long bar called a breaker bar (flex handle) or a ratchet.
A typical ratchet used to rotate a socket. A ratchet makes a ratcheting noise when it is being rotated in the opposite direction from loosening or tightening. A knob or lever on the ratchet allows the user to switch directions.
A ratchet turns the socket in only one direction and allows the rotating of the ratchet handle back and forth in a narrow space.
Extensions and universal joints are used with sockets to allow access to fasteners in restricted locations. Sockets are available
in various drive sizes, including 1/4-inch, 3/8-inch, and 1/2-inch.
Many heavy-duty truck and/or industrial applications use 3/4 and
1-inch sizes. The drive size is the distance of each side of the square drive. Sockets and ratchets of the same size are designed to work together.
It is sometimes confusing which way to rotate a wrench or screwdriver, especially when the head of the fastener is pointing away from you. To help visualize while looking at the fastener, say “righty-tighty, lefty-loosey.”
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